Cassia fistula L.
Local name:
Sondal.
English Name: Golden shower,
Indian
laburnum.
Family: Caesalpiniaceae
Habitat: Cassia fistula probably originates from India and
Sri Lanka, but is now pantropical. The medicinal use of Cassia fistula dates
from ancient times and has been the main factor in its spread. It is now
widespread in East Africa and several of the Indian Ocean islands.
Plant Description: Cassia fistula is a
tree growing from 20 to 40 feet high, with many spreading branches toward the
summit. The wood is hard and heavy. The leaves pinnate, alternate, from 12 to
18 inches long, and deciduous; the leaflets opposite or nearly so, from 4 to 8
pairs, the lower ones broad-ovate, smooth, obtuse, or emarginate, polished on
both sides, on short, round petioles, from 2 to 6 inches long, and from 1 1/2
to 3 broad. The flowers are large, fragrant, bright-yellow, and borne on long,
slender, smooth pedicels. The racemes are axillary, pendulous, simple, and 1 or
2 feet long. The calyx is composed of 5 nearly equal, oblong, obtuse, smooth
sepals. The corolla consists of 5 petals, which are oval, unequal, concave,
spreading, and waved. The 3 lower filaments, much longer than the others, have
a double curve, but no swelling.
Plant parts used: Leaves, Flowers, Roots,
Seeds.
Chemical constituents:
The seeds are rich in
glycerides with linoleic, oleic,fistulic, stearic and palmitic acids and trace
amounts of caprylic and myristic acids.The seeds are also rich in cephalin and
lecithin phospholipids and carbohydrates.The bark contains lupeol, β-sitosterol
and hexacosanol.The fruit tissue contains a substantial amount of potassium,
calcium, iron and manganese.In addition, the in vivo and in vitro extracts of
Cassia fistula are rich in polyphenolics and the secondary metabolites are
consisted of anthraquinones, flavonoids and flavan-3-ol derivatives, sennoside
A, sennoside B and many others.
Medicinal and Traditional Uses:
It is very effective in healing wounds, tumors,
arthritic affected joint pains when pulp of the fruit is applied on the joint. Gargling
with the decoction helps in relieving from mouth related disorders and throat
infection. Application of the paste of leaves is very effective in treating. Decoction
is very effective treating constipation as it acts as mild laxative. It also
helps in indigestion. It is effective in suppressing pain and reduces
inflammation.
Paste of pulp and flower is good treating
respiratory tract disease, cough and asthmatic attacks as it soothes the tract.
It also helps in relieving the burning sensation in the body. Powder from bark of the roots is consumed to get
relief from arthritic condition prevailing in the body. It also acts as
diuretic. It is also very effective in treating fever especially black water
fever.
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